HE 

/YSA7\ 


>- 


- 


REPORT 


OF    THK 


Committer  of  %  Chamber  of  Commerce 

ON    THE 

CHARGES   AT  QUARANTINE 

FOR 

LIGHTERAGE,    ETC. 


Ct.  K.  Nksbitt  k  Co,  Printers,  corner  Pearl  rind  Pine  sts.,  N    Y. 


Jit- 


11  E  P  O  R  T  . 


New- York,   October  4,  1858. 
To  his  Honor  ,     ¥ 

Daniel  F.  Tiemann,  Mayor  of New-York" :     '    ■ 

Sir  : — The  Committee  of  the  Chamber  of  &dnfiu$?c£ 
have  received  the  communication  of  your  Honor,  of  the 
18th  ultimo,  with  the  accompanying  affidavits  on  the  sub- 
ject of  the  complaint  of  Merchants  to  the  charges  imposed 
on  shipping  at  Quarantine,  and  in  reply  beg  to  state,  that 
though  the  reasons  given  by  the  Health  Officer  for  having 
had  recourse  to  the  odious  system  of  monopoly,  for  dis- 
charging vessels  and  lightering  their  cargoes  to  the  city, 
are  plausible,  and  look  as  if  adopted  for  the  sole  benefit 
of  the  city  and  its  commerce  ;  yet,  on  examining  closely 
into  the  manner  in  which  the  work  is  performed  and  the 
Quarantine  regulations  observed,  it  would  appear  that  the 
commerce  of  the  Port  is  being  severely  and  unnecessarily 
taxed  for  the  benefit  of  a  few  individuals,  while  the  people 
of  the  city,  and  its  vicinity,  are  no  more  shielded  from 
exposure  to  contagious  diseases  than  they  have  been  in 
former  years.  That  your  Honor  may  be  able  to  appre- 
ciate the  reasons  which  have  forced  the  Committee  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  to  this  conclusion,  the  following 
statement  and  documents  are  respectfully  submitted. 

From  the  perusal  of  the  letters  of  the  well-known  firms 
of  Horace  Southmayd  &  Sons,  Sturges  &  Co.,  Robert  & 
Williams,  R.  L.  &  A.  Stuart,  and  Spofford,  Tileston  &  Co., 
your  Honor  will  not  fail  to  be  struck  with  the  necessity 
of  some  radical  change  in  the  manner  of  enforcing  sani- 
tary  precautions,  if  we  would  wish  to  preserve  our  com- 
mercial supremacy.  Either  the  whole  subject  must  be 
given  over  to  the  National  Government,  so  as  to  secure 
uniformity  of  action  at  the  different  Ports,  or  our  State 
must  so  modify  her  Quarantine  Laws  as  to  prevent  the 
possibility  of  the  private  interests  of  her  employes,  from 
clashing:  with  those  of  commerce. 


3  6' 


2 

1st.  Previous  to  the  incumbency  of  the  present  Health 
Officer,  any  one  engaged  in  the  business  of  lighterage,  on 
giving  good  and  sufficient  bonds  lor  the  strict  observance 
of  Quarantine  regulations,  was  permitted  to  engage  in  the 
business  of  lightering  the  cargoes  of  infected  vessels  from 
Quarantine — thus  creating  ;i  wholesome  competition,  and 
Rowing  jfl{ojjftftr{-hants — the  parties  chiefly  interested — to 
select  thbse'to  wl;wjii  they  could  best  entrust  their  busi- 
^^rffialithEypresent  Health  Officer  has  selected  a  single 
inSiviotuaJj'Mr.  fioyer,  to  do  the  whole  of  the  immense 
business  of  lightering  from  Quarantine  the  cargoes  of  in- 
fected vessels  ;  that  this  individual,  so  far  from  possessing 
the  requisite  "business  facilities,''  has  been  compelled  to 
grant  permits  under  his  bond  to  other  lightermen  to  do 
the  business  which  he,  with  the  means  at  his  command, 
was  unable  to  do  ;  that  much  the  largest  portion  of  the 
lighterage  this  season  has  been  performed  under  such  per- 
mits ;  and  the  Committee  are  credibly  informed,  and  in 
some  instances  know  the  facts,  that  Mr.  Boyer,  in  account- 
ing with  the  parties  who  actually  do  the  work,  retains 
25  per  cent,  of  the  lighterage,  as  a  compensation  for 
granting  the  permit,  and  as  an  equivalent  for  his  respon- 
sibility ;  that  the  parties  thus  permitted  to  lighter  goods 
to  the  city  have,  in  repeated  instances,  broken  the  Qua- 
rantine regulations — the  men  employed  coming  directly  to 
the  city,  and  sleeping  within  its  limits — and  among  those 
thus  permitted  are  some  of  the  firms  who  certify  that  Mr. 
Boyer's  prices  are  perfectly  reasonable,  and  yet,  who  are 
ready  to  pay  him  25  per  cent,  of  those  prices  while  per- 
forming the  actual  labor. 

In  regard  to  Mr.  B.'s  charges  for  lighterage,  we  would 
call  attention  to  the  annexed  bill  and  letter  from  Messrs. 
A.  Rolker,  Mollman  &  Co.,  by  which  it  appears  that  the 
lighterage  charged  on  logwood  from  the  lower  Quarantine, 
is  double  the  charge  for  freight  of  the  same  article  from 
Boston,  and  25  per  cent,  more  than  was  charged  by  Mr. 
Boyer  himself  for  the  same  service  in  185G.  The  Com- 
mittee would  further  state,  that  from  the  general  depres- 
sion in  business,  during  the  present  season,  it  is  highly 
probable  that,  if  left  open  to  competition,  the  charges  for 
lighterage  would  have  been  less  than  in  former  years. 

Finally,  the  Committee  would  call  attention  to  the  fact 


3 

that  if  the  lighterage  were  thrown  open  to  competition, 
under  proper  regulation,  as  in  former  years,  every  firm 
engaged  in  the  business  of  lighterage  would  find  it  to  their 

interest,  and  would  be  able  to  exercise  a  strict  super- 
vision over  the  men  employed  by  them  ;  but  that  one 
personhiring  or  permitting  numerous  vessels  and  persons, 
not  ordinarily  in  his  employ,  whatever  may  be  his  integ- 
rity or  business  capacity,  is  entirely  unable  to  exercise 
such  supervision. 

2d.  That  previous  to  the  present  season  any  respon- 
sible stevedore,  on  giving  the  necessary  bonds,  might 
engage  in  the  business  of  discharging  vessels  at  Quaran- 
tine ;  that  on  the  1st  day  of  April  last,  Mr.  George  J. 
Dean  was  waited  on  by  Mr.  Boyer,  and  was  by  him  in- 
duced to  call  on  Dr.  Thomson,  the  Health  Officer  ;  and 
that  shortly  afterward  the  said  Dean,  or  his  firm,  was  en- 
trusted with  the  sole  control  over  all  the  work  done  by 
stevedores  at  the  Quarantine  establishment;  Dr.  Thom- 
son first  having  made  enquiries  as  to  his  pecuniary  re- 
sponsibility, and  having  obtained  from  Mr.  Dean  a  list  of 
prices  certified  to  as  reasonable  by  other  stevedores.  No 
public  notice  was  given,  nor  was  any  enquiry  made  of 
stevedores  formerly  engaged  at  the  Quarantine  under  Dr. 
Thomson  himself.  The  Committee,  convinced  of  the 
enormity  of  the  charges  made  by  Mr.  Dean,  and  surprised 
that  the  names  of  men  well  known  as  respectable  steve- 
dores should  be  signed  to  a  certificate  that  said  charges 
were  moderate  and  just — have  personally  called  upon 
several  of  the  signers  to  the  aforesaid  schedule  of  prices, 
and  find  to  their  very  great  surprise  that  they,  the  steve- 
dores, absolutely  deny  that  they  ever  knowingly  have 
signed  any  such  paper  :  on  the  contrary,  that  they 
assert  that  they  would  have  been  glad  to  have  per- 
formed the  same  services  for  33  £-  per  cent.  less.  The 
charge  upon  some  of  these  articles  is  so  enormous  as 
must  immediately  strike  the  attention  of  your  Honor — 
five  cents  for  landing  one  thousand  segars  over  the  side 
of  a  vessel !  And  it  will  be  observed,  that  after  public  at- 
tention had  been  drawn  to  these  charges — although  the 
the  Board  of  Health,  on  investigation,  had  pronounced 
them  equitable — Mr.  Dean  of  his  own  accord  reduced  a 


4 

majority  of  them  from  twenty  to  sixty  per  cent.  But 
while  the  charges  on  numerous  articles  were  reduced, 
those  on  sugars  in  hogsheads,  which  article  forms  by  far 
the  most  important  item  in  the  cargoes  of  infected  vessels, 
were  Left  unaltered,  though  greater  than  had  ever  been 
previously  charged  by  twenty-live  per  cent.  The  an- 
nexed letters  from  responsible  stevedores  will  [trove  the 
correctness  of  the  allegations  of  overcharge.  In  Mr. 
Dean's  affidavit  he  claims  to  have  incurred  increased  ex- 
pense by  the  use  of  steam  power,  in  hauling  vessels 
alongside  of  the  wharf  and  discharging  them.  So  far  is 
the  use  of  steam  power  from  being  an  additional  ex- 
pense, that  it  is  in  reality  a  great  saving  ;  cargoes  being 
thus  discharged  more  speedily  and  with  much  less  manual 
labor — the  steam-dummy  employed  performing  the  work 
of  many  laborers. 

In  consequence  of  there  being  but  a  single  stevedore 
at  the  Quarantine,  vessels  have  frequently  been  com- 
pelled to  wait  for  several  days,  until  they  could  be  unloaded 
in  turn. 

3d. — Mr.  John  F.  Eeid  states,  in  his  affidavit,  that  his 
charge  for  cooperage  done  at  Quarantine  has  been  uni- 
formly eight  and  ten  cents  per  hogshead,  and  live  cents 
per  tierce,  &c.  These  charges  seem  perfectly  reasonable, 
ami  indeed  low,  were  it  not  that,  previous  to  permitting  a 
cooper  to  go  on  board  a  vessel,  Mr.  Reicl  has  required 
the  Agent,  Consignee  or  Captain  to  sign  a  bond  or  agree- 
ment, by  which  he  binds  himself  to  pay  Mr.  Reid  the  sum 
of  eight  or  ten  cents  per  hogshead,  on  every  hogshead  on 
board  the  vessel,  whether  they  required  coopering  or  not, 
instead  of  charging  only  for  work  actually  done  :  and  as 
no  cooper  can  board  a  vessel  without  Mr.  Reid's  permis- 
sion, owners  and  consignees  have  been  compelled  to 
submit  to  his  terms,  or  submit  to  the  consequent  spoiling 
and  waste  of  the  cargo. 

4th. — In  regard  to  Mr.  Olney.  the  proprietor  or  agent  for 
the  barges  used  in  the  storage  of  cargoes  of  infected  ves- 
sels, we  would  simply  state  that  the  Committee  have  in 
their  possession  two  bills  in  which  lighterage  is  charged 
on  cotton  from  the  Quarantined  vessel  to  the  store-ship,  at 


the  rate  of  thirty  cents  a  bale,  where  the  vessel  was  towed 
absolutely  alongside  the  store-ship,  at  an  expense  not 
exceeding  eight  dollars  ;  and  that  Mr.  Gluey  lias  refused 
to  deliver  the  cotton  until  such  bills  were  paid. 

5th. — The  Committee  have  been  unable  to  find  an  in- 
stance, previous  to  the  administration  of  Dr.  Thomson, 
in  which  the  captains  of  vessels  having  no  sickness  on 
board,  and  loaded  entirely  with  salt  and  bay-rum,  or  with 
salt  alone,  or  with  spirits  of  turpentine  and  naval  stores 
alone,  or  with  pitchpine  lumber  alone,  have  been  com- 
pelled to  have  their  vessels  fumigated.  The  Committee 
would  further  remark  that,  if  it  has  been  the  invariable 
practice  for  the  last  eight  years  to  charge  twelve  dollars 
for  fumigating  packet  ships  and  steamers,  and  six  dollars 
for  smaller  vessels,  when  they  first  arrive,  and  the  same 
sum  for  a  second  fumigation  after  they  have  been  dis- 
charged at  Quarantine,  when  the  total  cost  of  materials 
employed  in  such  fumigation  cannot  be  more  than  a  few 
cents— the  fact,  that  the  abuse  has  already  existed  eight 
years  does  not  make  it  less  vexations  to  the  owners  and 
consignees  of  vessels  ;  and  though  the  sum  in  itself  seems 
small,  it  forms  a  part  of  a  system  of  Quarantine  exactions 
which  in  the  aggregate  becomes  exceedingly  onerous. 

6th.  Mr.  Joseph  Xelson,  the  proprietor  of  the  steam- 
boat "Cinderella."  in  his  affidavit  states  that  he  enjoys 
no  exclusive  privilege,  but  that  the  captains  of  vessels  are 
at  liberty  to  employ  other  steam-tugs  in  towing  their  ves- 
sels between  the  upper  and  lower  Quarantine  stations, 
and  in  carrying  provisions,  water,  passengers,  &c,  to  and 
from  vessels  quarantined  in  the  lower  bay  ;  but  Mr. 
Xelson  forgets  to  state  that,  during  the  months  of  June. 
July  and  August,  any  other  steam-tug  having  communi- 
cation with  an  infected  vessel,  unless  employed  by  him. 
would  be  at  once  subjected,  and  in  one  instance  was  sub- 
jected, to  the  arrest  and  detention  of  the  crew  and  vessel 
at  Quarantine,  while  Mr.  Xelson  has  hired  a  steam-tug  t<> 
assist  his  own  boat  "Cinderella  " — there  being  more  work 
than  could  be  done  by  the  latter  alone — at  an  expense  of 
thirty  dollars  per  diem  :  and  that  the  same  steam-tug.  the 
moment  Mr.  Xelson  had  no  further  occasion  for  her  ser- 
vices,  without  being  subjected  to  any  Quarantine,  was 


r, 

permitted  the  same  day  to  be  employed  in  her  usual 
occupation  of  towing  vessels  about  the  harbor.  Jn  regard 
to  the  moderate  charges  of  Mr.  Nelson,  we  would  further 
state,  that  the  charge  of  live  dollars  for  carrying  a  cask  of 
water  from  the  upper  to  a  vessel  at  the  lower  Quarantine 
— of  one  dollar  for  carrying  a  barrel  of  potatoes — one 
dollar  for  a  baskel  of  fresh  provisions — from  one  to  five 
dollars  for  a  passenger— and  fifty  dollars  for  towing  a 
vessel  from  one  Quarantine  station  to  the  other — seem  to 
the  merchants  of  2sew-York  anything  but  moderate. 

Finally,  the  Committee  cannot  close  this  report  without 
expressing  their  opinion  that  unless  immediate  steps  be 
taken  to  remedy  the  evils  complained  of,  that  next  year 
no  cotton  will  be  sent  here  from  Southern  ports,  and. 
comparatively,  but  very  little  sugar  from  the  West  Indies. 

We  are.  sir.  your  most  obedient  servants, 

EOYxVL  PHP^LPS.      )      Committee 
X.  L.  McCREADY,    \    Chamber  of 
WM.  A.  BAYLEY,  Commerce. 


New- York,  October  4th,  1858. 

Gentlemen, — In  reply  to  your  request  for  information  as  to  the  effect 
of  the  present  Quarantine  administration  upon  the  commerce  of  this  port, 
we  have  to  say,  that  the  schooner  J.  D.  Sawyer,  Hall,  master,  to  us  con- 
signed, arrived  from  Ponce,  in  August  last,  with  a  cargo  of  sugar  and 
molasses,  and  was  anchored  inside  of  Sandy  Hook,  by  order  of  the  Health 
Officer,  notwithstanding  her  crew  were  perfectly  healthy,  and  the  port  of 
Ponce  was,  and  had  been,  entirely  free  from  sickness.  We  immediately 
ordered  her  to  New  Haven,  where  she  was  allowed  to  come  to  the  wharf 
on  arrival,  and  to  discharge  her  cargo;  and  within  four  days  after  arrival, 
she  was  ready  to  proceed  on  her  return  voyage  ;  and  we  obtained  posses- 
sion of  the  cargo  of  said  vessel  at  least  fifteen  days  sooner  than  if  dis- 
charged at  Quarantine.  The  brig  Fannie  O.  Field,  also  from  Ponce,  ar- 
rived at  the  lower  Bay  on  the  23d  of  August,  laid  out  her  days  of  Quar- 
antine, and  her  cargo,  which  belonged  to  us,  was  lightered  to  Brooklyn 
and  it  was  at  least  twenty  days  after  her  arrival  before  we  had  possession 
of  the  cargo. 

We  add,  that  should  the  like  system  be  pursued  at  Quarantine,  we 
shall  be  compelled  to  direct  our  shipments  to  New  Haven  or  some  other 
port. 

(Signed,)  HORACE  SOTJTHMAYD  <fc  SONS, 


New- York,  October  6  th,  1858. 

Gent. — In  reply  to  your  request  respecting  the  effect  of  the  present  Quar- 
antine regulations  on  the  commerce  of  New-York,  we  beg  to  state,  that 
during  the  present  Quarantine  we  have  had  several  vessels  and  cargoes 
from  different  ports  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  which  have  been  subje  -ted  to 
unnecessary  delay.  Several  of  these  vessels  were  from  Ponce  P.  Rico,  a 
port  which  was  perfectly  healthy ;  of  which  fact  the  Board  of  Health  was 
fully  apprised  by  petition,  early  in  the  season,  without  granting  anj^  relief 
whatever,  causing  heavy  expenses  to  both  vessels  and  cargoes,  and  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  days'  unnecessary  detention. 

Should  this  present  system  of  Quarantine  be  continued,  it  is  our 
opinion  that  it  must  inevitably  curtail  shipments  to  this  port,  during  the 
Quarantine  season. 

To  avoid  the  delay  and  expense  of  sending  the  goods  to  New- York, 
some  of  our  correspondents  in  Ponce  have  already  directed  their  ship- 
ments to  a  neighboring  port ;  and  this  morning  we  are  advised  of  the 
arrival  at  New  Haven,  of  four  vessels  with  cargoes  destined  for  New- 
York. 

Shippers  generally  will  ultimately  be  compelled  to  adopt  this  course, 
which  will,  no  doubt,  be  a  serious  injury  to  the  commerce  of  New- York. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servants, 

(Signed,)  STURGES  &  CO. 


We  would  further  remark,  that  the  officers  and  crews  of  the  vessels 
from  Ponce,  referred  to  above,  arrived  in  good  health,  and  had  no  sick- 
ness on  board  during  the  voyage  ;  yet  the  vessels  were  subjected  to  the 
same  detention  as  if  they  were  from  an  infected  port. 

S.  &  CO. 
To  Royal  Phelps, 

N.  L.  McCreadv,  ^  Committee  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
Wm.  A.  Bayley, 


New-York,  October  2,  1858. 

Gentlemen  : — In  reply  to  your  request  of  the  30th  ult,  for  information 
as  to  the  effects  of  the  present  Quarantine  administration  upon  the  com- 
merce of  this  port,  we  append  the  accounts  of  two  vessels  owned  by  us, 
which,  on  their  arrival  here,  were  sent  to  Bristol,  R.  I.,  to  escape  the  ex- 
orbitant charges  and  unnecessary  delay  of  discharging  their  cargoes  at 
our  Quarantine. 

The  barquentine  Young  America,  Collins,  arrived  from  Remedios,  Cuba, 
in  July  last,  and  was  anchored  inside  of  Sandy  Hook,  by  order  of  the 
Health  Officer,  notwithstanding  her  crew  were  perfectly  healthy.  We 
immediately  ordered  her  to  Bristol,  R.  I.  On  arrival  there,  she  was  de- 
tained twenty-four  hours  for  observation,  and  then  allowed  to  discharge 
her  cargo  on  the  wharf.  She  sailed  thence  on  her  return  voyage  to  Cuba 
in  less  than  ten  days  after  her  arrival,  saving  in  expenses  at  least  $1,000, 
besides  one  month's  time  of  the  vessel,  per  memorandum  annexed. 


8 

Our  next  vessel,  tbebarquentine  "  Old  Dominion,"  was  ordered  off  this 
port  by  pilot-boat,  in  August  last,  and  discharged  at  Bristol,  after  four 
days  for  observations.  We  sold  her  cargo,  deliverable  in  New-York.  It 
was  brought  down  and  landed  on  a  wharf  in  Brooklyn,  at  an  expense  of 
50  cents  per  hhd.,  freight,  in  two  weeks  after  her  arrival  at  Bristol ;  thus 
receiving  our  goods  in  less  time  than  we  could  possibly  have  got  them 
from  the  New- York  Quarantine,  and  at  one-third  the  expense. 
Very  respectfully, 

Your  ob1t  servants, 

(Signed,)  ROBERT  &  WILLIAMS. 

To  Messrs.  Royal  Phelps,     ) 

N.  L.  McCready,  >■  Committee. 
W.  A.  Bayley,     ) 

We  may  also  state  that  we  have  now  one  vessel,  with  cargo  of  sugar 
and  molasses  to  our  consignment,  from  Cuba,  bound  to  Boston,  merely 
to  avoid  the  expense  attending  the  discharge  of  her  cargo  at  this  port,  as 
the  Quarantine  is  now  conducted.  R.  &  W. 


Expenses  of  Barkantine  "  Young  America  "  at  Bristol,  in   July  and 

August,  1858. 

Paid  Health  Officer,  §2  40  ;  Cooperage,  $21,         -         -         -     823  40 

Stevedore,  discharging,  -         - 61  08 

30  tons  Ballast,  $13  50 ;  Telegraph,  $5,         -         -  -       18  50 

$102  98 
Balance  against  New -York  Quarantine,    -  1,155  87 


[,258  85 


Charges  which  would  have  been  incurred  at  the  New-York  Quarantine. 

Michael  Williams,  visiting  and  examining  hatches,  -         -  $5  00 

E.  Cunningham,  two  fumigations, 12  00 

Cleaning  up  hold,         - 20  00 

Burning  dunnage  in  iron  scow,      -         -         -         -         -         -         5  00 

Passage  of  Captain  to  and  from  town,  and  freight  of  provisions, 

in  steamboat  "Cinderella," 20  00 

Towage  to  the  upper  Quarantine,  -         -         -         -  60  00 

Discharging  464  hogsheads,  at  44  cents,  -         -         -$204  16 
"  63  tierces,  at  30  cents,        -         -  18  90 

"  101  boxes,  at  18  cents,  -         -  18  18 


Cooperage  464  hogsheads,  at  8  cents,       ...     $37  12 

63  tierces,  at  5  cents,   -         -         -         -         3  15 

"  101  boxes  at  2  cents,      .         -         -         -         2  02 


241   24 


42  29 


Health  Officer, 6  50 

Peter  Duffy,  inspecting,  .         .         .        »         ?  00 


Lighterage  464  hogsheads  at  5s.,  -  $290  00 

"  63  tierces,  at  3s.,       -         -        -        -        23  62 

"  101  boxes,  at  20  cents,  20  20 

333  82 

Captain,  mate  and  crew's  wages,  and  provisions  tor  one  month,     435  00 
Ballast,         --------  -       60  00 

Steamboat  hire,  to  carry  down  provisions  and  crew,         -         -       25  00 


$1,258  85 
(Signed,)  ROBERT  &  WILLIAMS. 


Expenses  of  Barkantinc  "  Old  Dominion  "  <it  Bristol. 

Paid  Health  Officer,  $5  00  ;  Cooperage,  $60  29,    -         -         -     $65  29 
Stevedore  discharging,  -         -         -         -         -         -         -78  41 

Telegraph,  <fcc,    --- 5  00 

Pilotage  and  towage  through  Hellgate,  -         -         -  42  25 


$190  95 
Balance  against  the  New- York  Quarantine,  -         -  1,130  18 


[,321   13 


Charges  which  ivould  have  been  incurred  at  the  JVetv-York  Quarantines. 
Michael  Williams,  vi-iting  and  examining  hatches,  .         .  $5  00 

E.  Cunningham,  two  fumigations,    .         .         .         .         .  12  00 

Cleaning  hold, 20  00 

Burning  dunnage  in  iron  scow,         .         .         .         .         .         .         5  00 

Passage  to  and  from  town  of  Captain,  and  freight  of  provisions, 

in  steamboat  "  Cinderella,'' 20  00 

Towage  to  the  upper  Quarantine,    .         .         .         .         .         .       50  00 

Discharging  557  hogshoads  at,  44  cents,   .         ,         .  $245  08 

"  76  tierces  at,  30  cents,         .         .  22  80 

48  barreb,  at  10  cents,         .         .         .         4  80 

$272  68 


Cooperage  557  hogsheads,  at  8  cents,        .         .         .     $44  56 
"  76  tierces,  at  5  cents,      .         .         .         .         3  80 

"  48  barrels,  at  2  cents,     ....  96 


Health  Officer, 

Peter  Duffy,  inspecting,  .... 

Lighterage  557  hogsheads,  at  5s.,     . 

"  76  tierces,  at  3s., 

"  48  barrels,  at  Is.,  , 

382  63 

Captain,  mate  and  crew's  wages,  and  provisions  for  one  month,      435  00 
Ballast, 60  00 


49  32 
6  50 

.             , 

3  00 

$348  13 

28  50 

6  00 

$1,321    13 
(Signed,)  ROBERT  &  WILLIAMS. 


11) 

New-York,  October  4th,  1858. 

Gentlemen  : — In  reply  to  your  request  for  information  as  to  tlie  effect 
of  the  present  administration  of  the  Quarantine  laws  of  our  port,  on  the 
interests  of  the  merchants,  and  the  prosperity  of  our  eity,  we  would  reply, 
that  in  consequence  of  our  dissatisfaction  with  the  exorbitant  charges 
of  Mr.  Boyer,  we  have  this  season,  commencing  as  early  as  the  17th  June 
last,  repeate  ll\  petitioned  the  Board  of  Health  to  permit  us  to  lighter  up 
sugars  from  vessels  arrived  from  Cuba,  which  vessels  had  no  case  of  sick- 
ness on  board,  either  when  taking  in  the  cargo,  during  the  voyage,  or  while 
under  detention  at  Quarantine;  we  employing  lightermen  who  would 
give  bonds  to  violate  none  of  the  Quarantine  regulations,  and  who  would 
not  be  permitted  to  go  on  board  the  vessels. 

In  these  petitions  we  gave  the  excessive  charges  of  Mr.  B.,  and  the 
losses  upon  cargoes  we  had  sustained  when  he  had  been  employed  to 
lighter  for  us,  as  a  reason  for  granting  our  petition;  and  we  annexed  a 
sworn  statement  of  the  charges  for  which  we  could  have  the  work  done 
for  us,  by  good  and  responsible  parties. 

These  petitions  have  been  invariably  refused,  and  Mr.  Boyer  has  been 
permitted  to  lighter  up  cargoes  belonging  to  us.  So  great  have  been  our 
annoyances  and  losses  from  the  present  mode  of  conducting  business  at 
the  Quarantine,  that  rather  than  submit  longer,  we  have  directed  our  cor- 
respondents to  ship  no  more  to  New- York  during  the  summer  months,  and 
did  cancel  for  this  season,  in  June  last,  an  order  of  over  ten  thousand 
boxes  sugar,  as  we  found  that  by  shipping  to  Eastern  ports  we  could  get 
our  sugars  in  loss  time,  and  at  less  expense,  by  paying  coastwise  freight, 
than  by  paying  the  present  exorbitant  Q  larantine  charges. 

Very  truly,  yours, 

(Signed,)  R.  L.  &  A  STUART. 

To  the  Committee  of  Chamber  of  Commerce,  New-York. 


New-York,  October  7th,  1858. 

Gentlemen  : — In  reply  to  your  note,  of  the  5th  inst.,  we  would  remark. 
that  the  manner  of  conducting  our  Quarantine,  the  present  season,  has 
been  more  annoying  and  vexatious  than  for  any  period  during  the  last 
forty  years,  and,  in  our  opinion,  unnecessarily  severe ;  and  has  been  the 
means  of  diverting  a  very  large  business  from  this  port,  which  has  gone 
to  Boston,  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore.  The  Rice  and  Cotton  from 
Charleston,  S.  C,  has  been  sent  to  those  ports,  where  it  has  been  landed 
within  a  day  or  two  after  arrival  at  the  wharves,  dire  t  from  the  vessels 
that  brought  ir;  while  at  this  port  these  articles  have  been  detained  at 
the  Quarantine,  in  some  instances,  for  thirty  days  ;  and  the  expense  of 
lightering  has  been  more  than  the  freight  from  Charleston.  Independent 
ot  which,  (the  lighterage  business  being  a  monopoly,)  the  parties  in 
charge  refuse  to  give  receipts  for  the  goods  as  they  receive  them  from 
the  ships;  and  it  frequently  happens  that  flour,  rice,  ifcc,  are  deficient 
in  quantify,  and  the  shipowner  is  obliged  to  pay  for  the  delinquency  of 
the  lightermen.  And  we  see  no  way  of  escaping  from  the  evil  un- 
less the  Lighterage  business  is  made  as  free  as  other  pursuits,  and  thrown 


11 

open  to  any  responsible  parties  that  will   give,  the   necessary  bonds   for 
the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties.    We  are   very  respectfully,  yours, 

(Signed,)         SPOFFORD,  TILESTON  &  C<  >. 

To  Messrs.  Royal  Phelps,  and  others, 

Committee  of  Chamber  of  Commerce  on  Quarantine. 

N.  L.  McCready,  Esq.  New-York,  September  25th,  1858. 

Dear  Sir  : — Having  understood  that  you  are  collecting  information 
about  the  present  charges  at  the  Quarantine,  we  take  the  liberty  to  band 
you  herewith  the  copies  of  sundry  bills  of  Mr.  II.  Boyer,  for  lighterage 
from  the  Quarantine,  of  the  exorbitant  charge  of  which  we  complain. 

We  beg  to  call  your  attention  in  particular  to  the  bill  of  the  31st 
August,  1858,  (A,)  for  lighterage  on  logwood  from  a  vessel  in  the  lower 
bay,  charged  at  the  rate  of  $2  50  per  ton  of  2,240  pounds. 

The  enormity  of  this  charge  will  show  itself,  if  compared  witb  the  rates 
of  freight  by  packets  from  Boston  to  New- York,  which,  according  to  the 
certificate  of  Messrs.  S.  W.  Lewis  &  Co.,  of  this  city,  (G)  amounts  to 
only  $1  00  to  $1  25  per  ton  of  2,240  pounds  of  logwood  ;  and  also,  if 
compared  with  the  bills  of  Mr.  Boyer  himself  of  1856  and  1857,  (D  E 
F,)  when  he  charged  only  ODe  dollar  per  ton  of  2,240  pounds  of  logwood. 

It  shows  that  the  charge  for  lighterage  on  logwood  from  the  Quaran- 
tine, is  this  year  twenty-five  per  cent,  higher  as  it  was  in  1856  and  18")T, 
independent  of  the  enormous  extra  charge  for  lightering  goods  from  the 
Quarantine  station  in  the  lower  bay.  at  the  double  rates  of  those  of  the 
station  in  the  upper  bay. 

According  to  information  which  we  have  received  from  some  responsi- 
ble owners  of  lighters,  we  believe  that  the  following  rates  of  lighterage 
from  the  Quarantine  station  in  the  upper  bay  would  be  acceptable  and 
satisfactory  to  them,  viz.: — On  coffee,  in  bag  five  to  six  cents, — present 
charge  eight  cents  per  bag;  on  logwood,  per  ton,  seventy-five  to  eighty- 
seven  and  a  half  cents — present  charge  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents 
per  ton;  other  goods  in  proportion  :  and  about  thirty-three  and  one-third 
per  cent,  additional  for  goods  brought  from  the  station  in  the  lower  bay. 
These  rates  are,  of  course,  subject  to  further  modification,  if  left  to  a  fair 
competition. 

It  is  due  to  Mr.  Boyer  to  state,  that  in  his  private  capacity,  disconnected 
with  the  Quarantine,  he  is  very  reasonable  in  his  charges.  We  have  had 
occasion  to  employ  his  lighters,  and  have  found  him  always  reasonable. 
This  will  also  appear  from  the  bill  of  11th  July,  1857,  (L  D.)  charging 
four  cents  per  bag  of  coffee  for  lightering  it  from  one  part  of  this  port 
to  another,  while  from  Quarantine,  which  takes  about  same  time,  eight 
cents  per  bag  is  charged. 

You  will  please  accept  our  best  thanks  for  the  exertions  you  are  mak- 
ing to  bring  the  Quarantine  charges  to  a  reasonable  basis,  and  we  trust 
that  they  will  have  a  satisfactory  result.  If,  however,  such  should  not 
be  the  case,  we  will  be  obliged,  as  others  have  done  already,  to  direct 
the  vessels  consigned  to  us,  in  future,  to  Boston,  or  another  port,  as  it 
will  be  a  saving  to  get  the  goods  from  there,  instead  from  the  Quarantine. 

Very  respectfully, 

(Signed,)  A.  ROLKER,  MOLLMAN  &  CO. 


L2 

A. 

New-York,  Aug.  31st,  1858. 
Messrs.  A.  ROLKER  &  MOLLMAX, 

To  H.  BOYER,  Dr. 
For  Lighterage,  as  follows: — 

Bark  Corinthian,  at  Quarantine — Empire  Stores,   239  tons, 

at  20s., $597  50 


B 

New-York,  Sept.  22d,  1858. 
Messrs.  A.R.  &  M., 

To  H.  BOYER,  Dr. 
For  Lighterage,  as  follows  : — 

Brig  Truxillo,  at  Quarantine  ;  ship   Alexandrina — 174£  tons 

Logwood,  at  10s., $218  13 


C 

New -York,  July  12  th,  1858. 
Messrs  A.  R.  &  M., 

To  H.  BOYER,  Dr. 
For  Lighterage,  as  follows  : — 

Brig  John  Boynton,  at  Quarantine — New-York  Empire  Stores, 

1,106  bs.  Coffee,  at  8c,       -         -         -         -         -         -     $88  48 

67  tons  Logwood,  at  10s.,  -         -         -         -         -         -       83  75 


$172   23 


D. 

New- York,  July  llth,  1857. 
Messrs.  A.  R.  &  M., 

To  H.  BOYER,  Dr. 
For  Lighterage,  as  follows : — 

Brig.  Two  Bays,  Str.  Constitution,  715  hags  Coffee,  at  4c,    -     $28  60 
Lighterage   on   76  pes.  Mahogany,  ex  Lucy  Heyvvood,  to 

Constan tine's,    -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -10  00 


$38  60 


E. 

New-York,  September  1,  1856. 
Messrs.  A.  R.  &  M., 

To  H.  BOYER,  Dr. 
For  Lighterage,  as  follows : — 

Bark  John  Boynton,  Quarantine,  New-York,  950  bags  Cof- 
fee, at  8c, $76  00 

330,031  lhs.  Logwood,  147.];  tons,  at  8s.,       -         "         "     147  25 
Detention  Light'r  ,  one  day,  with  Logwood,  as  per  bill,         15  00 

$238  25 


13 

F. 

New- York,  August  1  <>//,,  1857. 
Messrs.  A.  R.  &  M.,  To  11.   I'»(  >YER,  Dr. 

For  Lighterage,  as  follows: — 

Brig  John  Boynton,  at  Quarantine  ;  Ship  Louis  Messlin — 

2,988  sacks  Coffee,  at  8c.,  -        -         -         -         -  S-;39  04 

Red  Hook,  18. |  tons  Logwood,  at  8s.,  -         -         -       18  50 


$257  54 


G. 

Rates  of  Freight  from  Boston,  for  the  last  6  mouths,  have  been  as  fol- 
lows, and  in  some  cases  lower : — 

Sugar,  per  hhd.,  -         -         -         75c.  to  fl  per  hhd. 
Molasses,    "  75c.  to  $1        " 

Coffee,  per  bag,   -         -         -         5c.  to  8c.  per  bag. 
Logwood,  person,         -         -         $1  to  %\   25  per  ton,  2,240  lbs. 
Measurement  goods,     -         -         2c.  to  3c.  per  foot. 
New-York,  September  25,  '58. 

(Signed,)         L.  W.  LEWIS  &  CO. 
The  originals  of  the  above  are  in  our  possession. 

(Signed)         A.  ROLKER,  MOLLMAN  &  CO. 

New- York,  Sept.  28th,  1858. 
Messrs.  R.  Phelps,  N.  L.  McCready  and  W.  H.  Bayley  : 

Gent., — My  attention  has  been  called  to  the  fact  that  I  signed  a  state- 
ment that  the  list  of  prices  charged  by  Brown  &  Dean  for  discharging 
vessels  at  Quarantine  was  a  just  and  fair  average  charge  for  doing  such 
work. 

I  absolutely  deny  that  I  ever  knowingly  signed  any  such  paper.  On  the 
contrary,  I  would  have  been  glad  to  have  done  the  work  at  from  33  1-3 
to  50  per  cent,  less  than  the  prices  charged  by  Brown  &  Dean,  as  I  do 
now,  and  always  have  considered  their  prices  as  grossly  exorbitant,  and 
nearly  double  what  the  work  was  worth. 

At  the  time  my  signature  was  obtained,  it  was  represented  to  me  that 
I  was  signing  a  petition  for  a  foreman  of  Brown  &  Dean  to  get  work, 
and  a  certificate  as  regards  his  character;  and,  as  I  cannot  read  writing, 
tsigned  what  was  handed  me  without  hesitation. 

Very  respectfully,  yours, 

(Signed,)  WM.  ROBERTS. 

New-York,  September,  1858. 
Messrs.  Phelps,  McCready  and  Bayley  : 

Gent., — Our  object  in  writing  you,  is  to  state  most  positively  that  we 
never  knowingly  signed  a  certificate  of  the  correctness  of  the  scale  of 
prices  as  charged  by  Brown  &  Dean,  Stevedores  at  Quarantine ;  and  if 
our  signature  is  to  any  such  document,  it  was  obtained  under  false  pre- 
tences, thinking  we  were  signing  a  petition  and  certificate  of  character  for 
parties  to  get  work  at  Quarantine. 

We  never  read  the  list  of  Brown  &  Dean's  prices  for  stevedores'  work, 
until  we  saw  them  in  the  public  newspapers;  and  having  now  read  them. 


1 1 

we  can   onlv  Bay  that  we  should  be  glad  to  contract  to  do  the  work  a 
least,  33  1-3  per  cent,  less  than  those  rates.         Very  respectfully, 

(Signed,)  OSTROM  <fc  MORRIS. 

Mr.  Royal  Phelps. 

Dear  Sir, — I  have  seen  in  the  newspapers,  that  my  name  is  stated  a 
being  signed  to  a  certificate,  that  the  prices  charged  by  the  Monopols 
Quarantine  Stevedores,  are  fair  and  reasonable.  I  have  never  knowingly 
signed  any  such  document  and  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  have  never 
been  called  on  to  do  so  ;  on  the  contrary,  I  have  considered  the  charges 
made  by  them,  as  very  extravagant,  and  would  have  been  willing  to  have 
done  the  same  work  for  from  30  to  40  per  cent,  less  than  the  prices 
charged,  particularly  as  they  had  the  privilege  of  hauling  the  vessels  to  a 
wharf,  and  using  steam  power  to  discharge. 

(Signed,)  ARCH'D  HARDIE, 

Stevedore  for  Grinnell,  Mintukn  <fe  Co. 

New-York,  September  28th,  1858. 


Gent.. — I  have  been  engaged,  in  former  years,  as  stevedore  at  Quaran- 
tine, in  discharging  cargoes  from  infected  ports. 

Any  respectable  stevedore,  on  giving  bonds  satisfactory  to  the  Health 
Officer,  previous  to  the  present  year,  could  work  as  stevedore. 

My  usual  price  for  discharging  hhds.  of  Cuba  sugar,  was  30  cents  per 
hhd.,  and  never,  in  any  instance  to  my  knowledge,  was  over  35  cents 
paid.  We  always  discharged  by  hand  in  the  stream.  Had  we  been  al- 
lowed to  take  the  vessel  alongside  the  wharf  at  Quarantine,  and  discharge 
by  steam-power  or  horses,  we  could  have  done  the  work  for  25  cents  per 
hhd.  This  year  I  was  informed  that  I  could  not  go  to  Quarantine  ;  that 
the  whole  work  had  been  given  by  Dr.  Thompson  to  a  Mr.  Dean — a  per- 
son who  was  not  known  as  a  stevedore. 

As  regards  my  responsibility  and  character,  I  can  give  as  many  refer- 
ences as  you  may  require. 

(Signed,)  WILLIAM  MAJOR. 

New-York,  Sept.  22d,  1858. 

Gent., — I  have  pursued  the  business  of  stevedore  at  Quarantine  for  the 
last  ten  years,  and,  until  this  summer,  have  always  had  more  or  less  men 
employed  there  every  year.  * 

The  highest  rate  I  have  ever  charged,  when  I  discharged  vessels  by 
contract,  was  as  follows,  viz.  : 

Porto  Rico  Sugar,     -         -         -         -     30  cents  per  Hhd. 

Cuba  Sugar,     -  -         -     35      "       "       " 

Tierces  Sugar,  -         -         -         -     20      "  per  Tierce. 

Barrels     "         -       -         -         -  4      "   each. 

Boxes       "         -       -         -         -  8      "      " 

Hhds.  Molasses,         -         -         -         -     35      4i    per  Hhd. 

Barrels     " 6      "     "   Brl. 

Coffee,  per  Bag,        -         -         -         -     2£      "     each. 

The  great  proportion  of  cargoes  discharged  in  former  years  was  sugar. 

This  was  done  without  the  use  of  steam  power.     With  that  assistance  I 

could   have  done  the  work  for   much  less.     Presuming  that  this  year  I 

could  do  as  formerly,  I  was  much  surprised  when  Dr.  Thompson,  the 


15 

Aiealth  Officer,  told  me  that  he  had  given  the  whole  work  to  Brown  <fe 
Dean,  and  that  I  could  not  discharge  vessels  as  formerly. 

After  this  my  customers  asked  me  to  try  and  arrange  to  discharge  their 
vessels,  as  the  stevedore  at  Quarantine  was  charging  them  such  enormous 
prices  as,  in  many  instances,  to  absorb  thereby  the  whole  freight.  I  then 
formally  applied  to  Dr.  Thompson  for  a  permit,  and  furnished  him  with 
a  list  of  my  prices,  and  referred  him  for  my  character  and  responsibility 
to  the  following  firms  in  this  city,  viz. : — 

ROBERT  &  WILLIAMS,  J.  W.  ELWELL  &  CO., 

P.  V.  KING  &  CO.,  MOSES  TAYLOR, 

J.  W.  DELANO,  NESMITII  &  SONS, 

J.  ATKINS  &  SON,  II.  D.  BROOKMAN, 

BRETT  <fe  SONS,  and  others. 

This  application  Dr.  Thompson  refused,  and  I  have  since  been  unable 
to  get  my  petition  back.  Very  respectfully, 

his 

HENRY    M  NEAL. 

mark. 
To  Royal  Phelps  and  others,   Committee. 

P.  S. — I  have  often  discharged  vessels  loaded  with  sugar,  at  Quaran- 
tine, by  day's  work,  when  it  would  not  amount  to  twenty-five  (25)  cents 
per  hhd.  for  sugar. 

his 
HENRY    X  NEAL. 
mark. 

We,  the  undersigned,  having  been  long  engaged  in  the  business  of 
loading  and  discharging  vessels  at  this  port,  would  have  submitted  to  all 
the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Health  Officer,  and  we  would  also  have 
furnished  him  with  satisfactory  bonds  for  the  faithful  performance  of  all 
our  duties.  And  we  would  have  been  very  willing  to  have  discharged 
each  and  every  package  that  has  been  discharged  at  our  Quarantine  this 
season,  at  rates  thirty- three  and  one- third  per  cent,  less  than  has  been 
charged  by  the  firm  who  now  monopolize  this  business  there  ;  but  the 
contract  was  never  publicly  offered,  and  we  have  therefore  had  no  oppor- 
tunity of  bidding  for  it.  But  we  now  hereby  make  the  offer  public,  that 
next  season  we  shall  be  willing  to  perform  the  stevedores'  work  at  Quar- 
antine, at  thirty-three  and  one-third  per  cent,  less  than  the  present  rates 
charged  for  discharging  vessels  there,  and  submit  to  all  the  rules  and 
regulations  of  the  Health  Officer,  and  furnish  bonds  satisfactory  to  him 
for  the  faithful  discharge  of  all  our  duties. 
New- York,  September  24,  1868. 

[Signed,] 

RICHARD  J.  HOLMES,  CHAS.  W.  BILLINGS, 

HAGGENNAN  &  HALL,  WILLIAM  ROBERTS, 

HENRY  NEAL,  GEORGE  WALSH, 

GEORGE  BOWDON,  SILAS  0.  PIERCE, 

WILLIAM  MATSON,  JNO.  I.  BAMBER, 

JUDAH  BERRY,  PETER  MEAD, 

C.  BUTLER,  OSTROM  &  MORRIS, 

JAMES  GUNNERSON,  DAVIS  &  TAPPEN, 
T.  T.  HUSSON. 


16 

New-York,  October  1st,  1858. 

Gentlemen, — The  brig  Black  Elawk,  under  my' command,  arrived  at 
the  lower  Quarantine  on  the  14th  day  of  August,  with  no  sickness  on 
hoard,  and  none  bad  occurred  on  the  voyage.  She  was  from  Cardenas, 
We  had  to  lay  in  the  lower  bay  eight  days  before  we  could  get 
a  |>  irmit  to  come  to  the  upper  Quarantine.  We  then  were  hauled  along- 
side the  dock  at  the  upper  Quarantine,  hy  the  Quarantine  stevedore. 

Our  cargo  consisted  of  34'2  hhds.  sugar  and  molasses,  and  was  all 
discharged  in  one  day,  ten  men  being  all  the  labor  employed  by  him. 
The  cargo  was  discharged  by  the  steam-engine  which  was  on  the  wharf, 
and  the  same  engine  was  employed  in  discharging  another  cargo  from  a 
vessel  that  laid  at  the  same  dock,  opposite  my  vessel,  at  the  same  time: 
it  took  three  men  to  work  this  engine.  I  was  charged  $150  48  for  dis- 
charging. As  soon  as  discharged,  the  stevedores  hauled  my  vessel  again 
in  the  stream.  As  it  took  but  ten  men  to  discharge  one  day,  and  the 
engine  was  discharging  both  vessels  at  once,  you  can  readily  perceive  the 
p.normous  overcharge  that  I  was  compelled  to  pay,  as  I  had  to  sign  a 
contract  with  the  stevedore,  before  he  would  go  on  board,  to  pay  him 
his  charge  ;   and  it  was  do  that  or  nothing. 

I  was  also  obliged  to  sign  an  agreement  to  pay  the  Quarantine  cooper 
ten  cents  per  hhd.,  on  my  whole  cargo,  before  he  would  go  on  board. 
All  the  cooperage  he  did  for  me,  was  done  by  one  man  in  one  day,  and 
he  not  working  all  the  time  at  that.  This  bill  I  had  to  pay,  amounting 
to  $31  70,  less  two  cents  per  hhd.  on  my  sugar,  $5  84  which  he  de- 
ducted in  consequence  of  my  discharging  alongside  the  dock. 

(Signed)         H.  W.  RAMSDELL, 


To  Royal  Phelps,  Esq.,     ) 

W.  A.  Bayley,  Esq.,     >  Committee. 
N.  L.  McCready,  Esq.,  ) 


Master  Brig  Black  Hawk. 


Gent., — I  am  master  of  the  steamer  C.  Durant,  and  am  engaged  in  the 
business  of  towing  vessels  in  and  around  the  harbor  of  New- York. 

I  am  acquainted  with  the  steamboat  Cinderella,  and  the  propeller 
Rescue.  Have  seen  the  propeller  Rescue  towing  an  infected  vessel  from 
the  lower  to  the  upper  Quarantine,  and  then  go  to  the  city  of  New- York, 
and  engage  in  her  ordinary  business  of  towing  schooners,  canal-boats  and 
barges  around  the  harbor  of  New- York. 

When  business  was  brisk  at  Quarantine,  she  would  stay  there,  and  the 
moment  it  was  dull  she  would  come  up  to  the  city  and  tow  here,  and  then 
go  again  to  Quarantine. 

It  is  a  common  occurrence  for  the  Cinderella  to  lay  alongside  the  wharfs 
all  night  in  the  city  of  New  York.  I  have  seen  her  lay  here  repeatedly. 
No  other  steamers,  except  the  Cinderella  and  Rescue,  have  been  allowed 
by  Dr.  Thompson  to  tow  infected  vessels  from  the  lower  to  the  upper 
Quarantine.  Respectfully,  yours, 

(Signed)  B.  BETTS. 

To  Messrs.  Phelpp,  McCready  and  Bai 

C<  mini I  tee. 
N  kw-Y ork,  0<  tuber  4 th,  1 858. 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


jAn251987 

Jjf 

1 

1 

LOAN  DEPT. 



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